Autopilot for boats – Types, function, and best choice

Learn how autopilots work, the difference between Above-Deck and Under-Deck, and how to choose the right system for your boat.

Installing an autopilot is a great advantage for boat owners. It makes navigation easier, saves time, and allows you to focus on your surroundings. But how does an autopilot actually work, and which type is best suited for your boat?

What is an autopilot?

An autopilot is a system that automatically steers the boat's course without constant manual steering. It does not replace a human operator but is a valuable aid for longer journeys. Autopilots are available in various designs – from simple tiller pilots to advanced systems for commercial vessels.

Types of autopilots

• Above-Deck: Tiller or wheel autopilots for smaller boats. Simple, affordable, and easy to install.
• Under-Deck: Larger and more advanced systems for larger vessels. Provides better steering in tough conditions.

How to choose the right autopilot?

The choice depends on the boat's size, weight, and power. A 12V tiller pilot works well for a 30-foot sailboat, but not for a 300-ton vessel. For best results – consult a certified NMEA installer or the Manufacturer.

Components of an autopilot system

• Course computer – the brain of the system that processes data.
• Course sensor or electronic compass – determines direction.
• Drive unit – motor or hydraulic pump that steers the rudder.
• Control unit – user interface for activation and course adjustment.
• Rudder feedback sensor – for increased precision.

Advantages of autopilot

• Maintains course accurately and saves fuel.
• Perfect for long journeys – does not get tired.
• Ability to integrate with GPS and waypoints.
• Advanced systems can be self-learning.

Disadvantages of autopilot

• Can fail – always have a backup plan.
• Requires power, especially in harsh weather.
• Risk of water ingress into the drive motor.
• Slow systems can lead to dangerous situations.

Integration with NMEA systems

The Actisense NGW-1 is an ideal gateway for connecting NMEA 0183 instruments with NMEA 2000. It converts waypoints and GPS data between the systems and works excellently with autopilots like Raymarine Evolution.

Summary

An autopilot is an invaluable aid for safe and efficient navigation. Choose the right system for your boat and ensure correct installation for best performance.